The role of sales promotion

The role of sales promotion . Sales promotion has been defined as a direct inducement that offers an extra value or incentive for the product to the sales force, distributors, or the ultimate consumer with the primary objectives of creating an immediate sale. ( Blesh,2008 ) . The sales promotion contains two types of inducement that provide extra incentive to buy. The incentive is very important element in the promotional program; it can be couponing, reduction in price, and free samples of the product. ( Blesh,2008 ) . The sales promotion can be allocated also in the marketing intermediaries; the retail and wholesale. By giving they more discount offers by offering them more financial incentives to stock and promote for the manufacture products. Types of sales promotion activities: . The sales promotion is divided into two main categories; the consumer oriented promotion and the trade oriented promotion. . The consumer oriented sales promotion includes sampling, premiums, bonus pack, price offs. This promotion are directed to the consumer, the end purchaser of the good or the service, these activities are designed to create more preferable action in the consumer mind toward the purchasing of the product. . In the consumer-oriented sales promotion they are mainly use also the promotional pull strategy by using some advertising that will be a support for the consumer and motivate him to purchase and create demand for it. . The second types is the trade-oriented sales promotion, thats include the incentives, point of purchase and another activities that also designed to motivate the distributors and the retailers to carry and use this product and then deliver the product to the consumer. Reasons for the increase in sales promotion: . There are many reasons that increase the sales promotion, but from Nestle point of view that there are only two types for increasing in the sales promotion. They are the declining of brand loyalty and the short-term focus. . First the declining brand loyalty, which the consumer become less loyal toward the brand, and the purchase of the product based on the price and value. There are consumers buying the product with in its full price without looking for promotional offers. Also on the other hand there is some consumer that are more loyal to the promotional offers looking for couponing , premiums, bonus pack, or price-offs. . The short- term focus a lot of people see that the increase in the sales promotion based on the short term performance and the increasing in sales volume. The brand managers in Nestle are using the sales promotion routinely, not only for introducing new products to the market or defending against competition, but also to meet the year goal of achieving sales and the market share goal. Consumer-oriented sales promotion objectives: . Obtaining trial and repurchase its one of the most important uses of sales promotion techniques that encourage the consumer to try a new product or service. Nestle will use the technique of the trial for the new product Elite-Tea first in the supermarkets and the hyper market of the modern trade because, a lot of consumers visits the hyper and super market daily and that will let a lot of consumers try the product and gets more information about it and then repurchase it. . Defending current customers because of the new products that enter the market everyday they are trying to do something for defending their current costumer by do a lot of advertising and new sales promotion program, by giving special price promotion, coupons, and bonus packs. . Targeting specific market segments a lot of companies are focusing their efforts mostly on a specific market segments and are always looking for ways to reach the target audience. So the use of the coupons and the sampling is very effective in reaching company specific segment. Based on Elite-tea they are focusing more on the demographic and the psychographic. They focus on the demographic because they are targeting all of the genders even male or female, and they are targeting the age of the teens and seniors. Based on the psychographic they also focus on it because the tea is part of their life style. So Nestle will reach this targeted segment through the most effective tools of sales promotion start by making sampling. Nestle Sale Promotion Distribution: . Nestle Divided the market into two Promotion strategies they are: . The modern Trade, traditional Trade. . Modern Trade divided into three sectors the hypermarket, supermarkets, and discounters . Hyper market Like (Carrfour, Hyper one) . Super market (A-class) (Soudi, Metro) . Discounters super market who sells there product on lower price (El-mahaml, Awalad Ragab) . In the modern Trade they can use the promotion magazine, making advertising for the company and also let the consumer know your offer. . There is something called below the line market, which is contain the display floors, sampling and flyers. . The Traditional trade contains the supermarkets that are limited, which means the super markets that have limited branches like (royal House). Also its containing Kiosks. . Nestle types of promotions is the consumer promotion which is nationwide that means the promotion nestle do it in any supermarket will be in every super market in Egypt. The another type the costumer specific and that means that nestle went to a special super market like Carrefour and ask him to make a deal of promotion offers only for him, something specific, the consumer will find this offer only in Carrefour. . Trade deals, nestle sales people start by making special offer for the super markets by going to each super market and say to buyer today I have an offer, every 10 boxes you buy you will get 1 box for free and a display stand to show the product in professional appearance. Consumer-oriented sales promotion techniques: Nestle consumer-oriented sales promotion techniques Sampling Sampling Methods Premiums Bonus Packs . Sampling is a variety of procedures where by consumers are given some quantity of products for no charge only for trying this new product. Sampling first established to introduce new products in the market. Sampling is one of the most effective techniques in the sales promotional program and the most expensive. Nestle start to launch her new product in the market by first starting using the sampling form. They established there booths in all of the modern trade categories, and that one of the thing that helps them to reach the consumer taste and mind. The real benefits of sampling come to the consumer because that a risk-free because he will not buy the product its free and the consumer tries the brand directly, get more information about the brand and its benefits. Also its generating for Nestle much higher trail rates rather than advertising and Nestle did a brand that is unique and superior in benefits that makes the sampling program worthwhile. The cost of the sampling is very expensive so the cost can be recovered again if the consumer who tried the product can be a regular consumer for this product. . Nestle from here to start to put her sampling methods first because many reasons first the brand manager must take in-depth how the sample program will be distributed. The sampling method is very important because its the one that influence the type of consumer who receives the sample. The best sampling method gets the product to the best prospects for trail and repurchase. The sampling methods divided into four types: . Door-to-door sampling . Sampling through mail . In-store sampling the most effective Method Used by Nestle. . On-package sampling . Nestle in establishing their new product elite-tea used the most effective sampling method and its the in-store sampling. The in-store sampling starts by that the marketer starts to hire some people who set for him booths and then prepare small samples of the products ( for ex: 50 Boxes of tea ), then pass all of this to the shops. This was very effective for Nestle Elite-tea because it first established in the market and the consumer doesnt have any clue about this new product. Also what comes to the consumer mind first that the Tea is very expensive because of Nestle Brand name, so they used the in store sampling method to grape the consumer to taste the product and give them a lot of information about the product price and how its unique from the other products. In the modern Trade nestle used to distribute some flyers that contain all of the information about the new product, if the consumer not interested in sampling the new product they are mostly giving him a flyer thats con tain information about the product. . Premium is an offer of an item of service either free or at low price that have an extra incentive for the purchaser. The free premiums are usually small gifts included in the product package sent to the consumer who buys the product. Nestle used this technique in her new product elite tea by putting inside every package mug and spoon. They also increased their package by 25% for every package the consumer purchase it, he will find that another box stamped with the original package that contain 25 tea bags. . Bonus pack offers the consumer extra amount of packs of the product at a regular price. Nestle did that in Elite tea they was putting with the original pack another pack with the same quantity that have a regular price, that was one of the most important steps letting the consumer start to buy nestle new product because of the bonus offer and that will make the consumer try the product, that will lead him for more purchase and become a regular consumer. This offer most used in the modern trade in the hypermarkets and high class super markets (Metro, Soudi ) Nestle Elite Tea Sampling Promotion Cost: . First it depend on the sales forecast or the budget itself . Then its based on the marketing support percentage of the main budget for example the percentage of the marketing support between 15-20% of the main budget. . If the whole budget is 1000000$ and the marketing support is 20% so they will need 200,000$ for the sales promotion technique. . Then they will dived this 200,000$ based on the methods they will use. For example: . 50,000$ for Sampling . 25,000$ for Premiers. . 25,000$ for Bonus packs.

Planning Function of Management Essay

Planning is a crucial function of management that enables an organization to achieve its maximum potential. Halliburton is one of the largest corporations in the United States, with a workforce of over 100,000 people in over 120 countries. Their home office is located in Houston, Texas and they are one of the world’s largest providers of products and services to the oil and gas industry. This paper will discuss the issues impacting and influencing management planning within Halliburton. â€Å"Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.†Peter DruckerIt takes successful management at all levels and quality leadership to lead a business down the proverbial golden path. Planning is the primary management function, which formalizes an organization’s goals and objectives and establishes a base for the other functions of management. Halliburton Company is an oilfield services company and a provider of engineering and construction services that was founded in 1919. The company has expanded through tremendous internal growth and several acquisitions and in March, 2002, Halliburton split into two main divisions: the Energy Services Group (ESG) and Kellog Brown and Root (KBR). â€Å"ESG offers a wide range of products and services to â€Å"upstream oil and gas customers worldwide, ranging from the manufacturing of drill bits and other downhole and completion tools and pressure pumping services† (www.halliburton.com) [APA citation error (incorrect-do not use Web addresses or URL’s in citations). If the author is cited in text = Author’s name (year) â€Å"direct quote† (p. #). If the author is not cited in text = â€Å"direct quote† (author, year, p. #).] . KBR is the engineering subsidiary for Halliburton and is a global leader in construction and project management. Additionally, KBR is a leading government services contractor, which has been the focal point of many legal and ethical issues. Halliburton has received a great deal of negative publicity over the past year or so regarding it Iraq and Kuwait operations. The Pentagon and Justice Department have both launched criminal investigations due to erroneous contract cost estimates totaling $2.7 billion to serve American troops in  the middle east. Accusations have been made of overcharging for meals supplied to troops in Iraq, as well as employees accepting kickbacks from a Kuwaiti subcontractor. Pentagon auditors found that KBR overcharged the U.S. government by $27.4 million during a period of nine months in 2003. Additionally, Halliburton’s internal audit revealed employees accepted these kickbacks in exchange for providing Army supply contracts to the subcontractor (Associated Press). Limited military spending has created lucrative opportunities for privately held companies such as Halliburton to win these contracts and will continue to be at the forefront of media campaigns as long as the United States re mains in Iraq, especially when it comes to Dick Cheney. [You have addressed the issue thoroughly and supported your assertions.] Much speculation has been generated in regard to current Vice President of the United States and former Halliburton CEO Dick Cheney’s financial ties to his former company. On the September 14, 2003 edition of NBC’s Meet the Press, Vice President Cheney said, â€Å"And since I left Halliburton to become George Bush’s vice president, I’ve several all my ties with the company, gotten rid of all my financial interest. I have no financial interest in Halliburton of any kind and haven’t had, now, for over three years† (St. Louis Journalism Review). However, it came to light that Cheney received a salary of over $150,000 and maintained over 400,000 shares of unexercised stock options at the time. Cheney stated that he deferred his salary and stock options; therefore it did not constitute a violation of ethics. The Congressional Research Service found that these financial interests in Halliburton demonstrated a financial interest with his former empl oyer creating a conflict of interest. Despite the fact that Cheney broke the law of ethics, he is exempt from the enforcement of such laws and cannot be prosecuted for it (Halliburton Watch). KBR is the largest military contractor in Iraq, with more than 50,000 employees and subcontractor working there and in Kuwait and Afghanistan. These employees drive trucks, wash clothes, deliver mail, and provide additional support services for the U.S. troops. These workers are part of the Pentagon’s privatization strategy that enables the military to reduce the number of troops needed in a given location by assigning noncombat functions to civilians. Halliburton’s social responsibility is to keep these  workers safe and away from fighting, but it has proved a difficult task. Numerous complaint and lawsuits have surfaced because of Halliburton’s failure to provide safe working conditions and in the case of one man who was killed, the suit states he was â€Å"intentionally sent the convoy as an enemy ‘decoy’ in the U.S. military camouflage vehicles, to ensure the safe arrival and delivery of a second H-KBR fuel convoy† (CNNMoney.com). Hallib urton’s social responsibility remains in question with workers being placed in harms way on a regular basis. Factors influencing Halliburton’s strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning include political instability, rising steel prices, and environmental regulations. Halliburton operated in countries such as Iran, Iraq, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Indonesia, and Russia, which are currently experiencing unstable political and social climates. Continued conflict in these areas could have an impact on the company’s bottom line and their ability to generate substantial revenue. Steel is a major commodity that is used in the setting up of plant and processing facilities for natural gas and petroleum refining. Record breaking high prices were reached in early 2005, but have since stabilized. However, the ongoing consolidation in the steel industry could lead to higher prices causing the profit margins to suffer. Lastly, Halliburton is subject to environment and legal requirement in its worldwide operations, such as the Clean Air Act and Clean Air Interstate Rule, causing the states to reduce the allowable sulfur dioxide SO2 emissions by 70% and nitrogen oxides emissions by 60%. Environmental issues such as these could place a burden on is cash flow. [Insightful analysis]Halliburton has an exceptional global presence and they are currently playing a prominent role in rebuilding Iraq and by providing our troops with shelter, meals, and delivery of materials. Although Halliburton has come under intense scrutiny over the past several years due to its involvement with Vice-President Chaney and its legal and ethical issues, it has still managed to win military contracts due to its expertise in the oil service industry. This shows tremendous resiliency and reassures its customers and stockholders that it will continue to be a strong force in the oilfield services industry. [Your paper is well written. It is clear and concise.]References-references must match citations by author/owner. References begin with author/owner name e.g. CNN.money and Halburton are the owners of the websites. See examples in APA manual. MarketLine Business Information Center. Retrieved January 27, 2007 fromhttp://dbic.datamonitor.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/companies/company/?pid=B07921BD-F512-44F2-AE84-4DA7D8630C9D#CompanyOverviewTop 25 Censored Stories. St. Louis Journalism Review; Dec 2006/Jan 2007, Vol. 36Issue 292, P23-27, 5p. Retrieved January 26, 2007 fromhttp://web.ebscohost.com. Decision Management System. Retrieved January 28, 2007 from www.halliburton.comHalliburton Announces Full Year and Fourth Quarter Results. Retrieved January 28,2007 from http://CNNMoney.comKelly, Matt. (2003, March). Halliburton Fires Workers for Allegedly Taking Kickbacksfor Iraq Contract. Retrieved Janury 27, 2007 from www.commondreams.orgTotal points available=14Your score=13.75Areas for improvement=teal belowContent and Development = 40%_____ Key elements covered, content comprehensive/accurate, clear points supported with detail, appropriate use of vocabulary, integration of theory and practice, research adequate/timely, content and purpose clear. Very good work on this section. Organization = 30%_____ Lead is interesting and relevant, thesis is well-developed, directional statement previews major points, paragraph transitions maintain flow, body paragraphs support a specific major point, conclusion is logical/flows evenly, conclusion reviews major points. Good work-very well organized. Easy to read. Format = 10%_____ APA format, â€Å"reader friendly,† utilizes references appropriately, headings aid adaptability/not overdone, neatly presented, format requirements followed. Some small errors in APA formatting of reference page and citations. (-.25)Mechanics = 10%_____ Punctuation rules followed, contractions avoided, spelling correct, vernacular is avoided, written in same person throughout, tense remains consistent. Readability and Style-10%_____ Complete, clear, concise statements, well constructed sentences, sentence transitions present, words/concepts precise,

William Shakespeare s Hamlet And Henrik Ibsen s A Doll...

The concept of tragedy has experienced significant change over the last few centuries. Yet despite human fascination with the concept it appears there is no consensus on what defines true tragedy. The classical notion is that a tragedy tells the tale of a tragic hero, a virtuous character who due to a tragic flaw is fated to an unhappy ending (usually death) that inspires fear and pity within the audience. However, there is the argument that tragedy does not have to follow such regulations. A hero need not be virtuous and divine, their tale does not have to be filled with death, and common person struggling in the world can possess a tragic story. There is some validity to both ideas, yet both focus too much on the idea of what characters and specific situations warrant the title of tragedy and not the idea that matters most of all. By the end of a tragic piece the question is whether or not there is despair or hope. Looking at William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Henrik Ibsenâ₠¬â„¢s A Doll’s House it is clear that both possess certain tragic aspects. The protagonists of both pieces’ experience suffering due to a similar flaw and both plays inspire feelings of pity and fear. Yet the main aspect that separates the two is the defining feeling the audience takes away at the end. While Hamlet ends in despair and unhappiness, A Doll’s House possess a hint of hope for the future. Yet if a tragedy instills a feeling of such possibility, then it misses the defining characteristic of theShow MoreRelatedComparing Nora From A Doll s House And Ophelia From The Tragedy Of Hamlet2915 Words   |  12 PagesA Woman’s Life is Tragic: Comparing Nora from A Doll’s House and Ophelia from The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark William Shakespeare’s play The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark and Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House are both deemed tragedies, and thus in nature share many similarities. While common knowledge of what characteristics distinguish tragedy from other genres can lead readers and audiences alike to determine that Shakespeare’s Ophelia is a tragic character, it is much more difficult

How to Find a Quality Online Computer Science School 2019

For the purposes of this article, we are going to define computer science as the sum of a variety of parts: computer programming, computer design, systems design, networking, software development, computer and software engineering and, because its sometimes used as a course description, computer science. If you are interested in learning about any of these career opportunities or about any related fields, you have a world of options to explore online. You can seek entry level opportunities through relatively short courses of study that lead to certification for various technical specialties. Everest College is an institution with nine campuses and a vigorous online program. Their specialty is job certification and they have a number of courses related to computer science. Their offerings include advanced microcomputer applications, automated office technology, computer information systems, and microcomputer operations specialist. American Intercontinental University offers an online bachelors in information technology as well as an IT masters program. Warren National University has a bachelors, masters and doctoral program in computer science, a bachelors in software engineering a bachelors in e-business and commerce, and all three higher education degrees in management information systems. .ufaea1170daa4e2c2614c62ede4ee911d { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ufaea1170daa4e2c2614c62ede4ee911d:active, .ufaea1170daa4e2c2614c62ede4ee911d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ufaea1170daa4e2c2614c62ede4ee911d { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ufaea1170daa4e2c2614c62ede4ee911d .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ufaea1170daa4e2c2614c62ede4ee911d .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ufaea1170daa4e2c2614c62ede4ee911d:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ North Dakota Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in North DakotaColorado Technical University has an excellent online school of information technology. All of their degree programs include professional certificates that are earned incrementally as you move along. These degrees include: Bachelor of Science in Software Engineering (BSSE) Concentrations in: Software Systems Engineering Security Network Management Bachelor of Science Business Administration (BSBA) Concentration in: Information Technology Master of Science in Management (MSM) Concentrations in: Information Systems Security Information Technology Management Kaplan University has a department of information technology with six each of associates degrees and bachelors degrees that include these areas of specialization: databases, web development, programming, networking, wireless networking, and multimedia and animation. Kaplan can also provide the certification classes for information technology pathway, introduction to computer programming languages, and internet development. University of Phoenix Online has a rich information technology program intermingled with their business degrees. Of particular interest is their MBA in technology management. Their degree opportunities include: Bachelor of Science in Business/e-Business Bachelor of Science in Business/Information Systems Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Bachelor of Science in Information Technology/Visual Communication Master of Business Administration/Technology Management Master of Information Systems Master of Information Systems/Management .u64a0796a8ce12a5f7316c205ceb3652a { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u64a0796a8ce12a5f7316c205ceb3652a:active, .u64a0796a8ce12a5f7316c205ceb3652a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u64a0796a8ce12a5f7316c205ceb3652a { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u64a0796a8ce12a5f7316c205ceb3652a .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u64a0796a8ce12a5f7316c205ceb3652a .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u64a0796a8ce12a5f7316c205ceb3652a:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ An Executive MBA Is The Leadership DegreeCapella University has an online series of masters degrees in information technology. Their programs are designed for professionals interested in advancing their careers through additional education. Capella has built relationships with leading corporations for this purpose. Johnson Johnson, Xerox and Farmers Insurance are among the 120 American corporations that recommend Capella to employees who are seeking educational advancement. Their masters series includes these areas of concentration: Masters in Science (MS) in: Information Technology General Information Security Network Architecture and Design Project Management and Leadership System Design and Programming These are all accredited institutions with experience, successful alumni, and carefully thought- out curricula, and are just a sampling of that available in distance learning for the aspiring computer scientist. Related ArticlesOnline Computer Science Courses Offer Multiple SpecialtiesStudying Computer Science Through Distance LearningThe Relationship Beteween Computer Science and EngineeringBusiness Associate, Engineering, Computer Science, and Education Graduates Currently in Highest DemandThe Career Builder A Masters Degree in Computer ScienceEducation in the Computer Science Field .u6230ef9ad1a233bcc851806653c01073 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u6230ef9ad1a233bcc851806653c01073:active, .u6230ef9ad1a233bcc851806653c01073:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 25 0ms; text-decoration:none; } .u6230ef9ad1a233bcc851806653c01073 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u6230ef9ad1a233bcc851806653c01073 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u6230ef9ad1a233bcc851806653c01073 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u6230ef9ad1a233bcc851806653c01073:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Online Nursing Class Programs Employment in Long-Term Care Expected to Grow